Antisemitism is on the rise throughout the world, and it increasingly wraps itself in moral indignation, particularly in its anti-Zionist mode, to create the illusion of legitimacy, as it delegitimizes Jewish existence.  In the end, the antisemite’s claim is not that all Jews are evil, but rather that all evil is Jewish.  And yet the questions linger: What is the antisemite anti-? 

Antisemitism cannot be reduced to just another form of racism, xenophobia, or bigotry.  It does not stem merely from fear, envy, or resentment, even though such emotions are often in the mix.  Jewish people are not a race, culture, or ethnic group.  The key to the matter of who is a Jew is Judaism.  As the infamous Nazi ideologue Alfred Rosenberg insisted, humanity is poisoned not by Jewish blood but by Judaism.  Whether a particular Jew is reform, orthodox, or atheist, his or her identity as a Jew stems from Judaism, from the Covenant of Torah: without the Torah, there would be no Jews.  Here we begin to glimpse what the antisemite is anti-. 

Jew hatred is a hatred of the question put to Adam: Where are you?  It is a hatred of the questions put to Cain: Where is your brother?  And what have you done?  It is, above all, a hatred of the One who asks: Jew hatred is God hatred.  Antisemites of every ilk would murder God and, with God, the divine prohibition against murder, starting with God’s most ancient witnesses to the prohibition: the Jews.   

The Torah’s commandment repeated most often—thirty-six times—is the commandment to care for the stranger k’mokha, “as yourself,” where k’mokha means “that is who you are”: you are the loving in the loving kindness with which you treat the stranger.  The other human being, no matter how “strange,” is a ben adam—a child of Adam.  Why does God begin the creation of humanity with just one human being, and not two?  Say the sages: so that no one can say to another, “My side of the family is better than your side of the family.”  There can be no teaching more anti-racist.  The antisemites are not antisemites because they are racists; rather, they are racists because they are antisemites.  They have to first eliminate this fundamental teaching of Judaism in order to arrive at a racist outlook. 

By their very presence in the world, the Jews attest to this testimony declared at Mount Sinai and, through the Jews, delivered to all humanity.  It is the light that the Jews are chosen to shine to the nations.  How?  By bearing witness to the truth that every human being, every ben adam, is chosen for a task that no other can perform.  This is the light that the antisemite would darken, the teaching that the antisemite would silence.  It is what the antisemite is anti-.

Thus what begins with the Jews does not end with the Jews.  Elie Wiesel affirmed that there comes a time when one cannot be a human being without assuming the Jewish condition.  For the Jewish condition is not the condition of the victim—no, it is the condition of the witness.  It is the situation of the one who answers, “Hineni!—Here I am for you!” when confronted with the questions that define us from before the beginning: Where are you?  Where is your brother?  And what have you done?  These are the questions that comprise the Jewish Question, for which the antisemite seeks a Final Solution.